Which process uses soap and water or detergent and water for sanitation?

The correct choice is cleaning, as this process specifically involves the use of soap and water or detergent and water. Cleaning is essential for removing dirt, debris, and germs from surfaces. It is a fundamental step in infection control because it reduces the number of pathogens present, making subsequent disinfection or sterilization more effective.

Disinfection, while important for killing or inactivating pathogens on surfaces, does not specifically require soap and water; it often involves the use of chemical agents. Sterilization is a more rigorous process that aims to completely eliminate all forms of microbial life, including spores, and typically involves the use of heat or chemical sterilants rather than just soap and water. Decontamination is a broader term that includes both cleaning and disinfection, involving the removal of contaminants but not limited to just the use of soap and water. Thus, cleaning is the most accurate option for the specific use of soap and water or detergent in sanitation.